These researchers follow up on their on-site investigations by interviewing crash occupants and reviewing medical records to determine the nature and severity of injuries. They locate the vehicles involved, photograph them, document the crash damage using sophisticated measuring procedures, and identify interior locations struck by the occupants. Trained crash investigators obtain data from crash sites, studying evidence such as skid marks, fluid spills, broken glass, and bent guard rails. About 200 of these crashes involve a child occupant. Data from GES and CDS are weighted in such a manner that statistical analyses using these weighted data can result in national estimates of the traffic safety topic being studied.įor NASS-CDS, field research teams located at Primary Sampling Units (PSU’s) across the country study ∼5,000 crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and utility vehicles each year. NASS-CDS and NASS-GES select cases from police crash reports at police agencies within randomly selected areas of the country. GES data focus on the broader overall crash picture, and are used for assessments of the magnitude of a specific traffic safety problem and tracking trends. CDS data focus on passenger vehicle crashes, and are used to investigate injury mechanisms to identify potential improvements in vehicle design. Both systems are based on cases selected from a sample of police crash reports. It is composed of two systems-the Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) and the General Estimates System (GES). National Automotive Sampling SystemĮstablished in 1979, the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) was created as part of a nationwide effort to reduce MVCs, injuries, and deaths on our nation’s highways. It is important to realize that analyses using the FARS dataset are based on fatal crashes, which may differ in meaningful ways from the general spectrum of crashes on the roads. To protect individual privacy, no personal information, such as names, addresses, or specific crash locations, is coded. The Person Form contains data on each person involved in the crash, including age, gender, role in the crash (driver, passenger, nonmotorist), injury severity, and restraint use.ĭata are available for every year since FARS was established in 1975 and can be easily queried using a Web-based query system ( ).
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Data include the vehicle type, initial and principal impact points, most harmful event, and drivers’ license status.
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The Vehicle and Driver Forms record data on each crash-involved vehicle and driver. The Accident Form collects information such as the time and location of the crash, the first harmful event, and the numbers of vehicles and people involved. To be included in FARS, a crash must involve a motor vehicle traveling on a traffic way customarily open to the public, and result in the death of a person (either an occupant of a vehicle or a nonmotorist such as a pedestrian) within 30 days of the crash event. FARS contains data on all fatal traffic crashes within the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was developed by NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) in 1975 to assist the traffic safety community in identifying traffic safety problems and evaluating both motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety initiatives. In addition, these databases represent resources for researchers to explore topics of motor crash injury for child occupants. Many of the analyses described elsewhere in this chapter use these databases as their source of data and thus this description provides context for those studies.
Each has a specific purpose and role in the identification of vehicle safety issues and the assessment of countermeasures with the optimal cost/benefit. To help the traffic safety community identify traffic safety problems, develop and implement vehicle and driver countermeasures, and evaluate motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety initiatives, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) developed a variety of field crash databases.
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